Francisco Goya as Representative of Modern Art Essay

The culture of the museum, as well as its patrons, determines the vision of modern art. However, it is limited not simply due to the fact that tit negates or contradicts the aberrant and the other, but also because the preferences and interests of the patrons of the modern art have been peculiar or unusual with all the familiar concerns and obsessions of modern artists themselves. This consists of their concern with radical difference, their search for alternative forms of representation and their aspirations to demystify the classicism that inspired and shaped European art† (Doyle and Winkiel, 36). In order to understand the concerns of modern art through the artists, it is best to look at the life of Franciso Goya and the influences which shaped his brilliant art and masterpieces which gives emphasis to his right to be considered as the representative of Modern Art. In March 30, 1746, a young boy, future artist was born in Fuendetodos, which is considered to be a small town which is located close to Saragossa. The parents of this young boy, who was named Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes were Jose Francisco de Paula and Gracia Lucientes. The former was a gilder while the latter was a member of a poor but noble family. Even if Francisco Goya was only fourteen years old, he already took a four-year apprenticeship under the tutelage of Jose Luzan, who was considered to be an undistinguished who honed his painter skills through rigorous studies in Naples. Francisco Goya was part of the competitions which were sponsored by the Real Academia de San Fernando. It took place in Madrid in the year 1770 to 1771, but during that time, he was not that triumphant or victorious. In addition to this, when he participated in a competition which was sponsored by the Academia de Parma, he was only able to receive or obtain an honorable mention. However, this honorable mention cannot be taken for granted because it helped him receive pious commissions. These commissions were mainly from Saragossa, where Francisco Goya decided to settle by June in the year 1771. Franciso Goya’s wife is Madrid Josefa Bayeu, and they got married in July 25 1773. Madrid Josefa Bayeu is the sister of Franciso Bayeu, who is known to be the leading Spanish artist at the court. Josefa Bayeu was a very big help for Franciso Goya’s career. She helped him receive a position at the royal tapestry factory, for which Franciso Goya executed sixty-three cartoons by1792, wherein thirty nine are considered to be created before 1780. Franciso Goya has a competitive advantage against other painters because he is able to effectively use vivid colors and intense luminosity in his cartoons. In July 1778, Franciso Goya was able to publish his first serious groups of prints. Nine etchings in these prints were after the paintings created by Velasquez which can be found in the royal collection. In May 1780, he was unanimously voted or elected to the Academia in Madrid. His â€Å"Christ on the Cross† (Prado, Madrid), a conventional neoclassical painting was a great help for Franciso Goya to receive such position. In March 1785, he was chosen to be the deputy director of the Academia (Brown and Mann, 3) Approaching the end of the year in 1792, Francisco Goya suffered a mysterious illness which disabled him for much of the following year. This mysterious illness also caused him to become permanently deaf and eventually, reevaluate his goals as an artist. Francisco Goya’s powerful social commentary which is the result of his developed fantasy and invention can be observed in â€Å"Caprichos†. â€Å"Caprichos† is a series of eighty etchings which Franciso Goya offered for sale. Francisco Goya’s brilliant use of realistic observation mixed with brutal distortion creates an extraordinary power to the scenes which Goya had drawn from both the daily life and his own imagination. However, the sardonic criticisms that was received by Franciso Goya regarding his works, especially those from the existing social order, made him decide to remove them for sale. Between 1797 and 1798, Franciso Goya was able to receive the commission for the frescoes in the hermitage church which is located in San Antonio de la Florida in Madrid. He was able to receive this because of the help of Jovellanos who was the Minister of Grace and Justice, from November 1797 until the August of 1799. Franciso Goya inverted the customary baroque display or arrangement by illustrating the angels under the dome in which he characterized Saint Anthony conducting a miracle. Unlike the works of the other artists, â€Å"vigorous brushwork and the definitions of the figures primarily in terms of large, flat planes of intense color, unprecedented in church decorative schemes† were observed in Franciso Goya’s works. (Brown and Mann, 4) In 1819, Francisco Goya suffered a relapse of his illness. He again endured this illness which nearly cost him his life. This traumatic experience of Francisco Goya can be observed or is most likely reflected in the fourteen Black Paintings which he created in Prado, Madrid, in the year 1820 or 1823. Using oil as a medium, he painted directly on the walls of two rooms in the country house on the periphery of Madrid, generally known as Quinto del Sordo which is translated as the house of the deaf man. It was named after him, â€Å"the deaf man†, because he had purchased it in February 1819. His rough handling of paint and expressionistic distortions intensify or gave emphasis the violence of his works, particularly in the image of â€Å"Saturn Devouring His Son†. Several attempts have been made just to interpret Franciso Goya’s works, but these highly personal paintings challenged and disregarded any rational explanation (Brown and Mann, 5). Designing tapestries during the time of Francisco Goya was not a highly regarded task. In addition to this, it is not even well paid. However, designing tapestries offered Francisco Goya a chance or the break to start in the big city. The commissions that he received from designing tapestries came directly from the Court. After five years, Franciso Goya presented his designs to the King and the Crown Prince and Princesses in person. In this manner, he had the privilege of kissing their majesties’ hands, which is definitely one good indication or sign for a man who is eager to rise to the top (Hagen, 7). The prince, Charles IV, was particularly fascinated with the hunted, broadly with themes of the hunting. As a result, Francisco Goya mainly designed hunting scenes. When the heir to the throne took Maria Luisa of Parma as his wife, Francisco Goya’s art was changed. Maria Luisa wanted her tapestries to show the popular diversions, or scenes which show ordinary people enjoying pleasurable pursuits, which the temperamental Italian princess was not allowed to indulge at the strict Spanish court. Charles IV’s wife yearned to surround herself with light-hearted scenes which depicts everyday life also influenced the trend which is being acted out in the theaters of Madrid; â€Å"between the acts of classical dramas, the public would be entertained with comic scenes from the daily lives of the lower classes† (Hagen, 7). Not like the religious or pious themes of Franciso Goya’s Saragossa work and the hunting scenes which he created for the Crown Prince, the work of art which he created for the Maria Luisa now provided Francisco Goya the motivation. It also gave Francisco Goya the chance to illustrate how people behaved and how they treated each other, as well as the opportunity to show his representation of these things in his own perspective. Moreover, it can be said that he expounds these themes humorously and light-heartedly, which he would later present in a completely different light. From this early stage or phase stems the self-portrait of Francisco Goya, in which he is looking neither skeptical nor gloomy. It is not actually a self-portrait of Francisco Goya, but the broad, flat face with high cheek-bones, undoubtedly shows that it is him. Unmistakably at a â€Å"novillada†, Francisco Goya can be observed to be standing with a number of other young men situated near a bull. â€Å"Novillada† means a bloodless fight with a young bull. Goya himself testified to have engaged in such risk-laden chase or recreation, though speculations that it is just a rumor he spread himself are present. Considering the fact that bullfighting fascinated him right up to the end of his life, it would look that it is not out of his character. A strong indication or support for this would be the time when he signed one of his letters using the title â€Å"Franciso de los Toros†, which is considered or translated as â€Å"Francisco of the bulls† (Hagen, 10). Francisco Goya, however, was not only familiar with the bulls but also the majos and the majas or the men and women from the lower quarters of Madrid. These majos or majas unlike the other residents of Madrid, have a particular style of dress and conduct. The typical majo is said to be proud, easily offended and quick to pull a knife. In addition to this, he is relished with eye-catching costume and, as far as he could help it, the majos never worked. This unwillingness to perform any type of work at all known to be widespread among Spanish men in the 18th century, dated back to the time when Columbus discovered America. The new colonies sent their gold back to the king. The king in return, gave it to his favorites and his far too many officials and officers. Although this â€Å"Golden Age† was long gone, the pretension to idleness and redundancy had remained, even among those classes who had never directly profited from the king’s gold (Hagen, 10). The female pendant to the majo was the maja. The maja is considered to be a woman with passionate nature who took a delight in being provocative. In his representations or interpretations of majas, Francisco Goya challenges the concerns and issues of class and race. He also emphasizes the power of the gaze itself. Based on the writings of the French Ambassador of Spain in 1788, according to the accounts of J. E. de Bourgoing, the majas are indeed considered as the lower class but, for the bewitched majo, the maja was â€Å"the most seducing priestess that ever presided at the altars of Venus† (Mahon, 42). The limitation of the real majas would be the majism. Majism is the sub-cultural style of life and the way of dress, considered to be a significant aspect during the revolutionary call for democracy in the nineteenth century. Francisco Goya’s â€Å"The Naked Maja† (1798-1805) as well as her counterpart, â€Å"The Clothed Maja† (1800-1803), represents the power of the majism during their times. For the â€Å"Naked Maja† and the â€Å"Clothed Maja†, they boldly or shamelessly face the viewer. The majas posed heir hands in order to maximize the erotic effect which they inflict on their viewers. The maja’s fashionably coquettish shoes, shimmering dress and lace bolero in the â€Å"Clothed Maja† appears all the more tantalizing or enticing as compared to her bare flesh which can be observed in the â€Å"Naked Maja†. She is not, however, idealized or innocent due to her charms. Rather, she is a daringly erotic portrait or representation in an era when nudes are considered to be illegal or banned in Spain because of the influences of the all-powerful Church on erotic fashion or masterpieces. The erotic messages conveyed by fashion involve the interplay of their whole body and the perspective of both sexes. More particularly, it can be said that they are most acutely focused in the proportions of the female torso. It is the most considerable field of fashionable alteration and at the same time the one where the shape of fashion most willingly comes into view to wear the genuine look of nature. The placement, the depth and width of the pelvis, the relative girth and length of the rib cage, size and shape of the breasts, the set of the neck and shoulders, and the exact disposition of its fleshy upholstery, front and back, all these, along with the styles of posture both seated and upright, are continuously shifting visually, according to the way clothes have been variously considered in history to help the female body give the impression of being more beautiful and natural on their terms. Nude art, inescapably dedicated or devoted to Eros, recognizes those terms. Francisco Goya’s â€Å"Naked Maja† and â€Å"Clothed Maja† in Prado, Madrid are generally recognized as erotic. They are considered as such not just because of the shadowy suggestion of pubic hair. One of the most significant characteristics of the naked maja’s body is that it gives the impression of showing the effects of corseting without the corset, which on the other hand, is very positively present in the clothed maja. The high, widely separated breasts and rigid spine of the recumbent naked maja are as erotic as her pubic fuzz or sexy smile. Her breasts certainly disobey the law of gravity and her legs, comfortable or accustomed to emerging through the light-weight and to a certain extent, narrow skirts of the day, are self-consciously disposed for effect, comparable to that of a twentieth-century woman. It is the definite effect of her missing fashionable dress or costume that makes her a purposely or deliberately a sexual image (Hollander, 91). In this way, Francisco Goya’s majas can be observed within the context of his 1796-1797 â€Å"Caprichos†. The term â€Å"capricho† was coined after the Italian word â€Å"capriccio†, which means â€Å"a caprice or jeu d’esprit† outside the usual rules. In the year 1790s, capricho was referred particularly to the arts and to the power of imaginative and creative initiative and resourcefulness rather than observance of the traditions, norms or custom. Locally, the term was also utilized to illustrate or exemplify the moral points created in Spanish comedies. Francisco Goya, being a a keen theatre-goer, it is this understanding of the term that critics often use when reading his art. The paintings of the majas are part of this â€Å"capricho spirit† too, as they refer to the personal and the political. Goya create distortions in his patron, the Duchess of Alba and her courtly lifestyle wherein the Duchess was rumored or thought to be the model of the Naked Maja, due to the speculation that both have rich black hair. On the other hand, Francisco Goya’s â€Å"Caprichos† illustrate his faith in the power of fantasy not merely to lead art into a brave new world but to help depict and represent the hidden desires and fears of a politically corrupt society, and so to enlighten it too (Mahon, 43). Francisco Goya has been renowned as one of the greatest artists of all times and as an essential and a pivotal figure in the expansion and maturity of modern art. Francisco Goya’s utilization and management of the textual qualities of paint and the expressive and emotional intensity of much of his imagery to a great extent influenced later painters. Impressionists, romantics, symbolists, realists, and surrealists have all considered him as their spiritual ancestor. Francisco Goya’s oeuvre, which has been considered or contemplated to be consisted of 688 (Gassier and Wilson) to772 (Gudiol) paintings, is as diverse as it is large (Brown and Mann, 5). Francisco Goya also represents additional feminine sensitiveness and it is imbued or drenched with temperament. This is the quality of Francisco Goya’s impressionism which makes it modern (Caffin, 203). Francisco Goya as an artist is perceived and understood as being critical or even disapproving of conventional portraiture, which is considered as socially elevating, consistentand in large measure, banal. This analysis of the recipes of portraiture is frequently construed as an analysis of class-based society itself. Tradition in portraiture is not at all monolithic, if one considers the work of Francisco Goya where the communicative and expressive range inside the genre is adequately or sufficiently grand to act as precedent or example for almost any modern portrait (Brettell, 169). Works Cited Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Brown, Jonathan, and Richard Mann. Spanish Paintings of the Fifteenth through Nineteenth Centuries. USA: National Gallery of Art, 1990. Caffin, Charles Henry. The Story of Spanish Painting. Michigan: University of Michigan, 1910. Doyle, Laura, and Laura A. Winkiel. Geomodernisms: Race, Modernism, Modernity. USA: Indiana University Press, 2005.

Minority report vs all the troubles of the world Essay

The two computers â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† are both machines that can predict the future, but they operate in different ways. The computer in Minority Report is actually 3 human beings with psychic powers. However the computer in â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† is actually a super computer that becomes so complex it starts to act like a human. Some other differences are that Multivac controls the world’s economy and can predict everybody’s actions before the people can even think about doing it, while the Pre-Cogs can only predicts murders with vague visions. The ways the two machines operate are vastly different; the Pre-cogs need a technician to constant watch them and special medication, but all Multivac needs are replacement parts to be installed occasionally. People also see Multivac as a god as it can predict almost anything with the data its collected. The Pre-Cogs on the other hand are constantly doubted as some people don’t believe they are 100% accurate. Although the two machines have many differences they are similar in some aspects, they both can predict murders and a police force can stop it before it happens. Both of the universes heavily rely on the two machines to make the world a better place. Overall the two stories â€Å"All the Troubles of the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† have similar concepts but are very different when you look at how the machines function. All the Troubles in the World vs. Minority Report The two computers â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† are both machines that can predict the future, but they operate in different ways. The computer in Minority Report is actually 3 human beings with psychic powers. However the computer in â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† is actually a super computer that becomes so complex it starts to act like a human. Some other differences are that Multivac controls the world’s economy and can predict everybody’s actions before the people can even think about doing it, while the Pre-Cogs can only predicts murders with vague visions. The ways the two machines operate are vastly different; the Pre-cogs need a technician to constant watch them and special medication, but all Multivac  needs are replacement parts to be installed occasionally. People also see Multivac as a god as it can predict almost anything with the data its collected. The Pre-Cogs on the other hand are constantly doubted as some people don’t believe they are 100% accurate. Although the two machines have many differences they are similar in some aspects, they both can predict murders and a police force can stop it before it happens. Both of the universes heavily rely on the two machines to make the world a better place. Overall the two stories â€Å"All the Troubles of the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† have similar concepts but are very different when you look at how the machines function. All the Troubles in the World vs. Minority Report The two computers â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† are both machines that can predict the future, but they operate in different ways. The computer in Minority Report is actually 3 human beings with psychic powers. However the computer in â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† is actually a super computer that becomes so complex it starts to act like a human. Some other differences are that Multivac controls the world’s economy and can predict everybody’s actions before the people can even think about doing it, while the Pre-Cogs can only predicts murders with vague visions. The ways the two machines operate are vastly different; the Pre-cogs need a technician to constant watch them and special medication, but all Multivac needs are replacement parts to be installed occasionally. People also see Multivac as a god as it can predict almost anything with the data its collected. The Pre-Cogs on the other hand are constantly doubted as some people don’t believe they are 100% accurate. Although the two machines have many differences they are similar in some aspects, they both can predict murders and a police force can stop it before it happens. Both of the universes heavily rely on the two machines to make the world a better place. Overall the two stories â€Å"All the Troubles of the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† have similar concepts but are very different when you look at how the machines function.

Bureaucracy in the Philippines - Book Review

Book Review The Bureaucracy in the Philippines Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz - Institute of Public Administration: University of the Philippines, 1957. 268 pp. This book is about the administrative history of the bureaucracy in the Philippines. It spans from the 1560’s when Spain undertook to administer the affairs of the natives of the archipelago to the 1950’s when the Filipinos assumed the responsibility of self-government.The author presented the significant phases in the evolution of our administrative apparatus to identify the important characteristics of the current form and functions of the civil service of the Philippine government. In Chapter 1, Dr. Corpuz described the native life of the inhabitants before the arrival of the Spaniards. These inhabitants were not strangers to progress and civilization. Although the pre-Spanish Filipinos were in a state of cultural maturity, it was maturity at a low level.It was a stage of cultural inadequacy based on an old and simple framework. The author briefly discussed the transition of the Philippine bureaucracy from the time that we’re still a colony of foreign nations to the time that the Philippines became an independent republic. The author reconstructed, in Chapter 2, the setting in which Spain’s colonial bureaucracy appeared around the middle of the 16th century. The author also described how the Spanish colonial government â€Å"organized† the colony in Filipinas.Also discussed was the expedition headed by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 21 November 1564, how his peaceful diplomacy won the allegiance of many subjects and the establishment of Manila as a city and Legazpi’s capital. Chapter 3 discussed the two concepts on how bureaucracy may be viewed: (1) as an organization or apparatus; (2) as a collection of individual bureaucrats, placing more emphasis on the 2nd concept of bureaucracy – the realities of bureaucratic behaviour. The chapter is devoted to a study of Spanish bureaucrats. The author also discussed the following: a. how bureaucrats are appointed in Filipinas and in Spain – the processes and criteria involved in obtaining the king’s favor; b. how to acquire/purchase an office where many bureaucrats obtained their positions; c. detailed conditions under which Spanish bureaucrats as a whole lived and worked; and d. ow the administrative organization was centralized in Manila for control and communications purposes. The next two chapters are dedicated in highlighting the essentials of life and service of the highest-ranking bureaucrats – the Presidente-Gobernador (Governor-General), the Oidores, Fiscales, and Reales Oficiales – who constituted the governmental bureaucracy in Manila. The author, in Chapter 4, described the governor-general of Filipinas which had the attributes of a super-bureaucrat.Also discussed, in general, was the performance of the different governor-general appointed in Filipinas and illustrated the conflict between the clergy and the governors and the instability of the governorship – which office was considered as an opportunity for private material profit. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the discussion of the Audiencia of Manila and its bureaucrats and the Royal Officials. The Audiencia performed functions of a superior judicial tribunal; the highest court of justice in the colonies.The author discussed the conditions, restrictions, the legislative and judicial functions and the organizational changes of the office. Also discussed are the functions and conditions of the â€Å"Royal Official† (Reales Oficiales) or the oficial de la real hacienda who are the administrators of the king’s personal estate or the royal hacienda. It should be remembered that the various dominions/colonies in the Indias are considered as the king’s personal property or estate. â€Å"As a monarch, he entrusted the government of his kingdoms and provinces to viceroys, governors-general, and Audiencias.As a proprietor, he entrusted the administration of his estate and revenues to the royal officials. † The structural defects and administrative weakness of the bureaucracy is brought about by the pervasion and corruption of the office of men who only saw the position as a means for private personal gain. In Chapter 6, the author then discussed the conditions, restrictions and all the functions and duties of the provincial government and the provincial officers/bureaucrats commonly known as alcade-mayor. The alcaldes are the provincial equivalent/counterpart of the governor-general of the archipelago.The author also highlighted how the alcalde-mayor was also the judge with provincial jurisdictions and since these bureaucrats have no background in the law and having arrived in the province with questionable motives, it is therefore said that the â€Å"pr incipal vice† of province administration is the absence of â€Å"true justice†. The author emphasized that provincial administration has no direction since the system of concentration of functions is in one man and this has disadvantageously rendered the bureaucrat inefficient. This inefficiency neglect or non-performance of duties – easily turned into oppression.The alcadeship evolved into an office of abuse since there were no checks to the alcalde’s excesses and frauds. He is the judge – administrator – military commandant of the province – an action against him is futile. However, reforms were undertaken to improve the administration in the provinces. But these reforms weren’t able to bear fruit for the main reason that they were enacted too late. Discussed also were the native bureaucrats and the system of local government; the principalia which was a social and political aristocracy on the village level – the details of its participation and the conditions under which it was actually exercised.The author also described the undeniable influence or relative power of the clergy in civil and political life, them being more â€Å"unified† than the group of the bureaucrats. In Chapter 7, the author summarized the weaknesses of the Spanish colonial bureaucracy, fundamental of which was the internal moral corruption of its members made worse by the fact that the Madrid government placed its political faith not in the bureaucracy but in the church. Discussed also as the futile attempts to reform the colonial bureaucracy and the general structure of the central administration and the budgetary practices of the central government in Manila. Chapter 8 is a â€Å"discussion of the principal events and factors that shaped the new era that constituted the basis upon which the new political administration was established, and that provided the context for the new bureaucracy and the new bureaucrats. † The author discussed Aguinaldo’s action and the general features of the scheme to organize the town and provincial governments.The new institutions under the Revolutionary Government were closely patterned after the preceding scheme of the Spanish a dministration due to the lack of time for innovations, but the local authorities and institutions were now more popularly based and autonomous. Discussed also was the principal features of the Malolos Constitution of 1899 which was an admirable work of constitutionalism, considering the difficult conditions of the times and the inexperience of its authors. Ideal as it may seem, the first attempt to self-government was aborted as the Philippines was once again under a colonial regime – now in the hands of the Americans. According to the author, the American occupation of the Philippines is generally pointed out as a major phase in the evolution of modern colonial policy and colonial administration. During this time, there were increased economic activities – in agriculture, manufacturing and commerce – such that the colony enjoyed vastly improved standards of living and for the first time, the masses have a chance to escape from poverty. The author also studied the formative period, from 1900 to 1913, of the new bureaucracy.The author identified the salient features of this advanced civil service system which is in great magnitude different from that of the old Spanish system. In Chapter 9, the author focussed on the period from 1913 to 1935 in which the civil service continued to evolve and which was respected by both American authorities and Filipino officials and politicians. But the evolutionary development was unremarkable. It was a steady but rather dreary process, unmarked by ba sic structural alteration or dramatic innovation in the service itself. During this period, both houses of the lawmaking bodies were under Filipino control.This period also marked the beginning of Filipinization of the civil service. In Chapter 10, the author discussed how the Philippine Civil Service, from 1935 to 1955, passed through brief but basic evolutionary governments. First discussed was the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth Government (November 15, 1935) which completed the gradual transfer of government functions to Filipinos. The Philippine Government was a 10-year transitional government – republican in form, Filipino in personnel and has autonomy in domestic affairs – to be superseded by the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946.Further discussed were the constitutional changes and phases of which the civil service is also undergoing namely: First, the phase of consolidation and further expansion, lasting until the Japanese invasion; Second, the phase of dislocation and demoralization covering the war and ear ly postwar years; and Third, the phase of reconstruction and modernization. The author, in the last chapter, summarized the important phases in the bureaucracy in the Philippines from the pre-Spanish period to the year 1955 which was discussed in detail in the preceding chapters. Also discussed briefly were the weaknesses and characteristics of the bureaucracy.This work of Dr. Onofre Corpuz is a vital contribution to the study of Public Administration. I have but good words for this work. The topics were well-organized and clearly written. He was able to piece together different historical data and I was impressed by the historical information presented in this book and his sources which dates from early 1600’s. Because of this book, the reader will have a better background and clearer understanding of the current conditions of the bureaucracy. I hope there could be further study on the conditions of the bureaucracy, if significant change has been attained after 1955.

Quality Improvement Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Quality Improvement Project - Coursework Example There is the need to have clear aims of improvement, ways of monitoring the progress, as well as the willingness among all the clinicians to implement changes whenever evidence is presented. For this to be achieved Clinicians should lead in the health care reforms and avoid being destructed or driven by the existing regulations, payments or otherwise fear of the unknown. There are tools and methods that can help the clinicians to work together in studying the practice issues to help them arrive at agreed upon method. One of the nurse-sensitive indicator that clinicians should consider as a means to implementing changes in health care services is the Dengue Fever infections, which is one of the break bone fever. The dengue fever is among the known infectious tropical diseases brought about by the dengue virus (WHO, 1997). Dengue disease is among the emerging infectious diseases that has been posing threats to the human population commonly in blood transfusion recipients. It is current ly an expanding problem in both the tropical, as well as subtropical regions (Knoop, 2010). On the global scale, it is the most frequent arbiviral infectious disease, estimated at 100 million cases for dengue fever yearly, 300,000 cases for dengue hermorrhagic, and about 30,000 deaths annually (Gubler, 2010). The infections for Dengue virus are reported in more than one hundred countries, with estimated 2.5 billion people living in dengue endemic areas. It has been reported that Dengue cases commonly occur among the international travelers (Chen, 2010). It has, therefore, emerged to be a major concern for the international public health. Dengue disease is transmitted by some mosquito species in the genus Aedes. Some of the symptoms of dengue fever include pains of the muscles and joints, fever, and headaches. It is characterized by the skin rash resembling measles rushes (Chen, 2010). The disease might develop into dengue hemorrhage fever, which is life-threatening and this might le ad to bleeding, low blood pressures and plasma leakages (Suharyono, 2007). So far, there is no known developed vaccine for the disease. Prevention of the disease is, therefore, sought through the reduction of the habitat and the mosquitoes, as well as limiting exposures to the mosquito bites. The environment that aggravates the occurrence of dengue infections include the mosquito prone environments such as tropical warm regions, bushy areas that favor mosquito breeding, and other conducive mosquito favoring conditions (Wolff, & Johnson, 2009). For the past ten years, incidences of dengue fever have dramatically increased in Villas de Trujillo. Reported cases range from five thousands to ten thousands per year in Villas de Trujillo area alone. This paper explores the planning of a Dengue Community Action Program, which is meant to reduce the rising cases of Dengue infections in Villas de Trujillo. The paper involves examining of the authentic workplace quality improvement need for th e residents of Villas de Trujillo using data to support Dengue community Action Program, applying the quality improvement model in the identified need, determining members of the quality improvement team, and identifying a leader who would champion the quality improvement initiative. To address the issues listed above, the paper is segmented into five parts. Part one involves clearly

Group Thinking Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Group Thinking Action - Essay Example I have a friend who is an American, born and raised there. I remember after the planes crashed on 9/11 then the new word to figure out for word was, â€Å"Muslim† and â€Å"terrorist.† In America and in most parts of the world the word terrorist is negative and doesn’t mean that the person is part of a particular country’s armed services. I remember a few months ago when I was talking to my friend who believes in the Koran and thus in America and around the world labeled as a â€Å"Muslim†. We were writing back and forth about the Islamic faith and he replied in one mail not to send the mail to every one of my lists. He did not the government to be reading his mail. Now, why would my friend be terrified by the fact that he is American who happens to believe in the Islam faith? â€Å"Group Think† comes into play here. This type of thinking is dangerous and can only lead people and societies down dangerous paths. If all of Americans come to believe that Islam is some crazy cult and creates â€Å"terrorists† then my friends could become a threat in thinking and in the minds of many Americans. This thinking creates negative stereotypes of outsiders. These stereotypes may be totally false. This type of think places me versus you which can create divisions and ignorance in a particular society. If you add anger and vengeance as feelings that are attached to a type of thinking, then this becomes very dangerous.   This may sound silly to you but â€Å"Group Think† gets at the idea of delusions and illusions. If someone is severely delusional and illusional than psychologists might be called in to start treatment.

The Idea of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Idea of Change - Essay Example This strips the students of their creative power. The educator hence strives to regulate the way that the knowledge comes to the students and thus hinders their own thinking. Freire also related this banking philosophy of education to necrophily. It is mechanical thinking wherein the necrophilous person prefers memory versus experience, and having as opposed to being. It is in this act of controlling that the actual education of a person ceases. Freire offers the solution to this problem. There is a need to â€Å"transform the structure† so that the students can become â€Å"beings for themselves† instead of just being incorporated into this system. He further argues that true liberation does not alienate people and it is â€Å"not another deposit to be made†. He termed this liberation of education as â€Å"praxis,† a problem-posing education that which aims to consider people as conscious beings. As the banking system of education strives to maintain a â€Å"submersion of consciousness†, the problem-posing method aims for the â€Å"emergence of consciousness and critical intervention in reality.† On the other hand, Richard Rodriguez wrote an essay on â€Å"The Achievement of Desrie.† In this essay, Rodriguez wrote an account of how he found himself through education, and how in doing so, his life had drastically changed. As a boy, Rodriguez recounts how he has always admired his teachers, and how he had always been passionate about books – anxious and fervent to learn. He claimed that as he was a very good student, he was also a bad one as he was a certain kind of â€Å"scholarship boy†, described by Richard Hoggart (from whom he derived the term in â€Å"The Uses of Literacy†) as a boy who shifts between environments, the home and the classroom, which are both culturally contradicting. The ideas that the classroom offers to

Megacities of Asia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Megacities of Asia - Assignment Example As Sen (2001) discusses, women were denied opportunity to study, owner significant assets, have well paying jobs or even have access to significant amenities. A nation such as Japan might be rather egalitarian in issues of basic facilities or demography, and also, to a great level, in higher education, and yet development to eminent levels of occupation and employment appears to be much more difficult for females than for males (Sen, 2001). However, due to the spread of education, this is no longer the case. For instance, India, along with Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, have had women who have headed their governments, of which even the United States and does not appears very liable to have in the near future (Sen, 2001). Certainly, in reference to Bangladesh, where both the president and the official opposition leader are women, one may begin to wonder whether or not any male could ever rise to power there in the immediate

Systems and Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Systems and Operations Management - Assignment Example Competition between Airbus and Boeing as the world's dominant commercial aircraft manufacturers sets the overall tone for the air transportation industry. Currently both companies dominate about 90% of the air transportation market with very few major competitors on the horizon. Their latest models of A380 and Boeing 747 proved that companies are willing and able to meet the constantly changing demand of the customers in terms of flight efficiency and increased number of seats. While Boeing 747 was welcomed positively by the customers, development and introduction of A380 at the market reduced the market share of Boeing by approximately 14.8% (Newhouse, 2007). In such a way, Airbus A380 proved to be the world’s most advanced spacious and efficient aircraft (McKeegan, 2007). The current paper will analyze the role of systems and operations management, including Soft Systems Methodology, at Airbus and their integration within the business. In addition, the paper will explain how the Airbus information systems and operations management should be updated in order to support and improve their business efficiency. Finally, the paper will analyze the people, technology and organizational issues involved in improving the operations at Airbus. Brief Overview of Airbus and A380 Development Airbus has been in business for about 30 years and is jointly owned by European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company-EADS (80%) and BAE systems (20%), which are two of the largest defense contractors (Addison, 1993). Now Airbus is a single company, headquartered in Toulouse, France, began as a French-German consortium in 1970 that was soon joined by Spain and later Britain. Each company would deliver its sections as fully equipped, ready to fly items. In 2000 DaimlerChrysler Aerospace, Aerospatiale-Matra and CASA in Spain merged to form EADS (Gunston, 2010). In 2001 BAE Systems (formerly British Aerospace) and EADS formed the Airbus Integrated Company to coincide with the develo pment of the new Airbus A380, which will seat 845 passengers and be the world's largest commercial passenger jet. The development of A380 has been agreed as industrial cooperation across Europe, mainly Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Spain. The final assembly of the aircraft should have been done by DaimlerChrysler Aerospace in Hamburg, Germany and Aerospatiale-Matra in Toulouse, France. The picture below shows the basic dimensions of A380 in comparison with other aircrafts like B777-300, B747 and A340-600 (Newhouse, 2007). The Airbus product line consists of 14 aircraft models, starting from the 100-seat single-aisle A318 jetliner to the 525-seat A380 in three-class categories or 825-seat in one-class category with 2-4-2 seating configuration, which is now the largest civil airliner in service. The aircraft has wider seats than in previous versions and the size of individual seat screen is also wider. Until April 2011, Airbus received 234 orders for their A380 aircraft whil e 46 have been already delivered to the customers and started being in operation (see Table 1 in the Appendix). The Airbus A380 project was delayed for 18 months with an additional

HEALTH SOCIILOGY Class & Illnessrelated behaviour Essay

HEALTH SOCIILOGY Class & Illnessrelated behaviour - Essay Example Thus, manual working class groups are seen as a more probable victim of this habit rather than the management or professional classes. The first and foremost social factor that affects the habitual addiction to smoking is the environment surrounding the individual. The living conditions of these workers are poor and dire. Many live in stressful lives in squalid and overcrowded homes. The best escape from all of this frustration is smoking which provides a stimulus to forget other problems. Also, in an atmosphere where each individual seeks to pass time using smoking, it is difficult for an individual to escape the vicious pattern unharmed. Another aspect attached the poor living conditions are how the families live in such close quarters that the children are affected by the adults. For the child to see a older individual smoking is the sort of parental and adult model that is set out for them. As they continue with life, the environment around them forces them into a state of peer pressure that instills smoking as a habit (Pedersen and Lavik). Another factor affecting smoking is the varying degree of education given to the different classes in a society. While the upper classes get the knowledge useful in their choices, the lower ones lack this kind of proper education (Layte and Whelan).

Reflections on the similar principles underlying T. Chamber's Essay

Reflections on the similar principles underlying T. Chamber's masterpiece 'Hudson Highlands' circa 1840 and Samuel Barber's composition 'The Violin Concerto' with Piano Accompaniment - Essay Example Both works are masterpieces in their own right with similarities that are obvious even to a layman like me. Both are soft and mellow in their respective styles with slight variations in tempo and timbre. Both compositions are balanced in a delicate manner with no sudden changes of form or loudness to jolt the eye and ear. In the painting the emphasis is on the play of shadows like that of a Rembrant work while in the musical composition it is the accompanying piano that lays the emphasis against the soft foreground sounds of the violin. The painting is well proportioned, the different constituents of the landscape blending harmoniously in the composition, without one overcrowding the other. In the music also the play between the violin and piano and the variations of pitch and timbre are in proportion without downplaying the importance of either. Â  The movement in the picture is depicted by the brush strokes of the road with softly curving stripes while the piano takes upon itself the task of movement, alternating between slow and fast movements. Both the painting and the musical piece have slow and sedate rhythms with slight variations to relieve the monotony. No work of art is without repetition. While Chambers does it with the drawing of trees and sails, Barber does it with the same movements alternated with different tunes in between.

Early Pascal Compilers Essay Example for Free

Early Pascal Compilers Essay The first Pascal compiler was designed in Zurich for the CDC 6000 series mainframe computer family. Niklaus Wirth reports that a first attempt to implement it in Fortran in 1969 was unsuccessful due to Fortrans inadequacy to express complex data structures. The second attempt was formulated in the Pascal language itself and was operational by mid-1970. Many Pascal compilers since have been similarly self-hosting, that is, the compiler is itself written in Pascal, and the compiler is usually capable of recompiling itself when new features are added to the language, or when the compiler is to be ported to a new environment. The GNU Pascal compiler is one notable exception, being written in C. The first successful port of the CDC Pascal compiler to another mainframe was completed by Welsh and Quinn at the Queens University of Belfast (QUB) in 1972. The target was the International Computers Limited 1900 series. This compiler in turn was the parent of the Pascal compiler for the ICS Multum minicomputer. The Multum port was developed – with a view to using Pascal as a systems programming language – by Findlay, Cupples, Cavouras and Davis, working at the Department of Computing Science in Glasgow University. It is thought that Multum Pascal, which was completed in the summer of 1973, may have been the first 16-bit implementation. A completely new compiler was completed by Welsh et al. at QUB in 1977. It offered a source-language diagnostic feature (incorporating profiling, tracing and type-aware formatted postmortem dumps) that was implemented by Findlay and Watt at Glasgow University. This implementation was ported in 1980 to the ICL 2900 series by a team based at Southampton University and Glasgow University. The Standard Pascal Model Implementation was also based on this compiler, having been adapted, by Welsh and Hay at Manchester University in 1984, to check rigorously for conformity to the BSI 6192/ISO 7185 Standard and to generate code for a portable abstract machine. The first Pascal compiler written in North America was constructed at the University of Illinois under Donald B. Gillies for the PDP-11 and generated native machine code.

Point of View Essay Example for Free

Point of View Essay The speaker of the story, who speaks as a first-person narrator, is not named. We may conclude that he has had a good deal of experience with small boats, and with the language of sailors. His concentration shifts in the course of the story. At first, he seems to be aware of all four men on the boat, collectively, and he makes observations that permit us to understand the ideas and responses of the men, who are linked in a virtual â€Å"brotherhood† because of their having been stranded on a tiny boat amid the high waves that are menacing their existence (paragraph 9). At about paragraph 49, however, the speaker shifts his concentration primarily to the correspondent, while he describes the other men more dramatically. Might we assume that at this point, Crane is merging the speaker of the story with his own voice, as nearly as we can determine it? Throughout, the speaker introduces some of his own ideas, and also, at times, speaks ironically. This accounts for some of the more humorous expressions in the story. Thus, the speaker comments wryly that the men, while rushing from the sinking ship to save themselves, â€Å"had forgotten to eat heartily† and therefore were now being weakened with hunger (paragraph 49). The speaker is in control of the tone of his descriptions, as when he points out that the human back, to a rower, is subject to innumerable and painful kinks and knots (paragraph 82). The speaker is also observant and philosophical, as when he comments that the four men at sea need to turn their heads to contemplate the â€Å"lonely and indifferent shore† (paragraph 206). The story’s final sentence, about the fact that the three surviving men can be â€Å"interpreters,† is suggestive of a good deal of thought and observation that could lead beyond the content of the story. Though the point of view is third-person limited-omniscient, Cranes merging of his thoughts with the narrators would not be as effective, not as dramatic, or objective, for it is this third-person distance that Crane feels would be most suitable for his idea that men are insignificant compared to the forces of nature, or nature itself. The point is driven home well with his particular point of view: another or different point of view would cloud his message and obscure his central theme: a different point of view would be too emotional, too fraught with survivability. The white heron is told from a third-person omniscient point-of-view, one that is aware of both Sylvia’s hopes and aspirations, and the hardships that she will encounter as she strives to achieve them. The constancy of the tree is noted from the very beginning with Sylvia’s recognition that â€Å"[in the] dark boughs [of the tree] he wind always, stirred, no matter how hot and still the air might be below † It is from this stillness that Sylvia begins her journey â€Å"with tingling eager blood† and apprehension of the point at which she must make â€Å"the dangerous pass from one tree to the other, [when] the great enterprise would really begin. † This image of making the transition from a smaller tree to a larger m ore dangerous one is a symbol of Sylvia leaving the realm of her early childhood to begin facing the challenges of becoming an adult. At first, â€Å"Sylvia felt her way uneasily,† but as she crosses trees and feels the support of the old pine, she becomes â€Å"his new dependent. † The pine is likened to â€Å"a great main mast to voyaging earth,† a simile which is followed by the author’s personification of the way in which it â€Å"h [olds] away the winds† to protect the â€Å"solitary gray-eyed child† just as a father would do. The narrative pace of the passage varies from being restrained and held back as Sylvia prepares for her adventure, to increasing in speed slightly once she changes trees, to finally reaching a climax once she reaches the top. It is this fast progression from her climbing and feelings of support from the tree to this climactic awakening that aids in communicating the true extent of Sylvia’s growth. The â€Å"spark of human spirit† that the tree’s â€Å"ponderous frame† helps to lift to the top quickly easily becomes â€Å"a pale star,† trembling and tired, but wholly triumphant. † Bierce tells An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge in three parts. Part I is in objective third-person point of view except for the last three paragraphs. In objective third-person narration, the storyteller observes events but cannot enter the mind of any character and disclose his or her thoughts. In the last three paragraphs of the Part I, the narration shifts to omniscient (all-knowing) third-person point of view in relation to Peyton Farquhar. This shift enables Bierce to take the reader inside Farquhars mind to demonstrate how emotional upheaval alters not only the way the mind interprets reality but also the way it perceives the passage of time. First, Farquhar mistakes the ticking of his watch for the tolling of a bell or the ring of an anvil struck by a hammer. Then, after Farquhar drops from the bridge at the moment of execution, he perceives a single second as lasting hours.

The Importance Of Organizational Structure Management Essay

The Importance Of Organizational Structure Management Essay Every company has its own organization structure. Organizational structure can be described as the systematical process of delegating power and authority among the employers. Besides, organizational structure also involves in how a business is organized to achieve their specific goals. Organization structure can be defined as the pattern of relationship among positions in the organization and members of the organization. Structure provides the framework for organizational activities and the management. Organization structure can be described as a framework that delegates responsibilities, working roles and relationship, and channel of communication. Organization structure is a framework which discusses the needs of a project to be successful in organizing. This framework is established at the outset and must be well understood by all concern otherwise it will be impossible to make important decision makings. Too many projects have set out with no clear idea of who the customer is and who is empowered to take these important decisions, and a project which starts in this way is bound to encounter severe difficulties along the way even if it does not end in total disaster. 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Organization chart contains of functions, responsibilities, authorities, relationships, and communications of individuals of employees and management within each department. The typical depiction of structure is the organization chart. The formalized organizational chart was been formed since 1854, by Daniel McCallum, who used organization structure to create a sense of standardized flow of departments and positions that are align with respective individuals skills and knowledge, As result, the organization chart formed a clear line that showed the authority of supervisors as well as the communication flow available for the subordinates to their immediate supervisors. Having an organization structure is for purpose of being organized is to achieve goals and objectives by fully utilizing available resources. Being organized is the process by which the work is divided among departments and employees, and these department and jobs are linked together to form a unified system. It shows the organization design of the company. This organizational design also shows the chart of the company. Also, included the work specialization, chain of command, span of control, degree of centralization, and not forgetting the departmentalization of an organization. 1.2 TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE There are four types of organization structure which are at common that any organization would use for their company. The four structures consist of Entrepreneurial structure, Functional structure, Matrix structure and Divisional structure. First of all, the entrepreneurial organization structure is an adapting structure which brings activities of management and process that are related to gaining profitability upon specific opportunities. This structure hold strong management process accordingly in order to gain necessary speed, agility and creativity to utilize opportunities. An example of an entrepreneurial organization structure is as the chart below: From the entrepreneurial structure, it is clearly understood that departments are diversified at wide range where the link between departments are several and each top management departments resembles other sub-departments that lay under them for example like the operation department which holds warehouse logistics department and quality assurance department. Secondly is the functional structure where an efficient work flow depends on the integration of various tasks within the organization. Most firms use this basic approach in structuring their organizations. The functional approach is straightforward and usually effective in practice. Functional Structure are usually best and more suitable for either medium or small sized businesses that don ¿Ã‚ ½t have wide range of products or production requirements. The functional structure works best for organizations who offers products or services that are solitary. Below shows the illustration of a functional structure: From the diagram illustrating the functional organization structure, Functional structure can be described as an organization structure which hold minimum departmental sections and are not complicated with linking each top management departments with more sub-departmental divisions relating to the respective departments. This type of structure is best applicable by organizations that consists small number of organization members. The third type of organization structure known as the Matrix structure is often used for short periods to solve a problem or complete a project. It can be a permanent arrangement in business where work is assigned by project, cutting across functional departments. In this structure, people have more than one boss. Divisional structure is basically a kind of an organizational structure that is characterized by divisions inside an organization. Divisions are made to facilitate large sized organization that are either manufacturing more than one product or operating in more than one market or in geographic area. 1.3 WHAT IS  ¿Ã‚ ½EVENT MANAGEMENT ¿Ã‚ ½ Event management can be defined as a management that are formed to plan an event and carry out their plan into actions and succeed in the event as an outcome. Generally, event management is a set of project team formed to create and develop festivals and events. It is known as the practice of integration of communicating and handling events. Event management is a growing industry with exciting very much unique career opportunity for those who are in passion to work as planning and organizing of events. Despite event management being an organization by itself, event management also exist in every organization but are not as similar as event management company as other organization event management groups are formed as temporary to organize events like family day, annual dinner and others that only involves the organization members, however event management companies organizes events that would enable a huge amount of participation by anyone concern. 1.4 COMPANY INTRODUCTION NS event management ptd.ltd is an event management company that is established for the concerns of charity where we plan, prepare and produce events that are organized to help those in needs and unfortunates. Our organization vision is to bring awareness to the society on their responsibility in helping those in charity. The mission of this organization is to carry out events that would raise funds to contribute to many charity homes that are based around Malaysia. Our organization organizes small events like concerts, sports, campaign and carnivals like selling donated goods which can also be called as charity sales. Currently, our company is working on organizing an annual dinner which is named as  ¿Ã‚ ½Charity Nite ¿Ã‚ ½, to raise funds to contribute to charity homes that are based in Johor Bahru. We planned this Charity Nite to gather people to bring unity among people not forgetting the unfortunates. Despite, this event is also planned to ensure that the public are aware of charity homes in Johor Bahru to ease them giving their help and support to ensure the unfortunates are not neglected by us. Therefore, as an outcome from this event we would love to at least be able to provide the charity homes contributions on their daily needs in term of food, drinks and other daily necessary items. Our event management representatives according to plan are arranged in order with departmental objectives to successfully perform the event is as the organization structure below: Event Director is a leadership board that determines and recognitions events proposed by the manager. Event director ¿Ã‚ ½s major role is as being a strong support and guiding the right direction to the service teams to function within the event management. Event director is also in responsible to ensure that the team works on time preparing all necessaries for the event and communicating with the event owner if it ¿Ã‚ ½s requested by any other industry. For the Charity Nite, the event director is responsible in ensuring that the task and job delegations are equally distributed with each and every representative attached with their own roles and responsibilities according to their skills and knowledge. However, Event director is also in responsible to correlate with the finance manager who handles the financial status of the event ensuring that the flow of cash are stable and has hold of immediate records of every transactions held as it relates public and transparency. The Event Manager holds the responsibility to plan and execute the event accordingly with his subordinates. They are often behind the scene running the event together with their teams involving in not only planning and executing the event but also brand building, marketing and communicating with relatedness to the event with strategies. Event managers are usually experts in creativity, technical and logistical elements which help the vents succeed. The event manager is involved in the event at the beginning stage till the end as they are also responsible in budget the event. For the Charity Nite, the event manager plays his/her role in all the elements of being an event manager to lead his team guiding them at every stage of action taken towards the arrangements of the event as designated by the event director. Event manager here reports the updates on the preparation of the event to the event director at every stage of improvement as well as discusses with the director when there ar e issues that are very difficult to be tackled and needs suggestions and ideas. Program Coordinators is the department formed to handle the issues related to the event which includes publishing ¿Ã‚ ½s of the event, ceremonies that would take place for the event, as well as entries for the hall for the arrangement of tables and area for the people participating as well as preparations for the sittings and registrations. This department is formed to be involved and be responsible for the venue of the event where they are in task of ensuring that everything runs safe and sound during and before the event from practice of performance to preparation of equipments for the hall. For the Charity Nite event, the program coordinators are in responsible in handing the performance which are either searched and selected by them or gained by the sponsorship department for artists or famous people to perform for the fund raising and arrange dates for practices. Therefore, the program coordinators are responsible to ensure that the event programs are well arranged and publish ing the event to the public are done widely. Sponsorship Coordinators is the department that consist a few members who would look for funds which can be either monetary or in other tangible useful items like vouchers, daily necessary things, grocery and many more. This department needs of a lot of teamwork whereas at times, it would be helped by other departments. For the event of Charity Nite, the sponsorship coordinators are in responsible to persuade businesses, organizations and publics who are affordable to give in any sort of funds and support to successfully running the event. Therefore, the department is also responsible to acknowledge the sponsors by giving in return marketing tools by advertising their organization or using media to address them as for their whole-hearted supported for the charity. Sales and Ticketing Coordinators is department that are delegated the responsibility of making sales and promoting the event through selling of tickets or doing sales of items which are donated. This department also is in responsible of generating funds like the sponsorship department to accommodate the expenses that occurs during the organizing of the event. For the Charity Nite, the sales and ticketing coordinators makes sales through selling off the tickets for the hall entrance to the public and organizations. However, this department also requires marketing skills and persuading skills like the sponsorship departments, as they are in need to first gain the trust of the public in order to ensure that they are able to sell their tickets and promote the event with huge number of participants involving for the event. Official Coordinators is the department formed to handle documents and official letters similar to a secretarial job responsibility. Besides that, they are also responsible in getting marshals, umpires or master of ceremonies like guest of honors for an event. For Charity Nite, the official coordinators are in responsible to prepare documents that are important for sponsorships as well as program coordinators in term of the official letter requesting for sponsors, letters of performance entry, and also other official letters and documents. Despite, the official coordinators are also responsible to send invitations to guest of honors to successfully brighten the event on the day. Moreover, official department merges with others department documental works and files up the documents to be able to deliver its updating status to the event manager who can use it to ease him/her in explaining the updates about the event to the event director. 1.5 CONCLUSION From the researches that have been carried out, the writer thinks that functional structure is the best structures for my event that is Charity Night 2011. This is because most of the firms use this approach in structuring their organizations. This is because the approach is straightforward and usually effective in practice. We chose this structure is because it minimizes duplication in an organization. This is because the top manager will give the order and direction to the employees so there is no chance to be the same outcome even though similar tasks are given. Basically, the functional structure offers a way to centralize decision making and provide unified direction from the top. Likewise how it has strengths it also has the weaknesses. The weaknesses are the lesser interaction between the other departments and people belonging to other departments. This can be overcome by having a general meeting once in a week or have small breakfast or tea time after a long time working in tension. Apart from that, another weakness are because of the functions are separate from one another, employees a may have little understanding of and concern for the specialty areas outside their own functional area. These problems can be overcome by having a small consultation time every week in an organization. Through this employees can speak out their inconvenience or what they are not happy with other employees or with the tasks, managers or anything. Another weakness are functional structure has rigid and separate chains of command response time to changes in the environment may be slow. Managers in a functional structure also become focused on their functional area, both long and short range. This can be overcome by ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Another weakness, employees become isolated. This is because ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Can be overcome by ¿Ã‚ ½ One of the most serious weaknesses are occur when members of functional departments become overspecialized, develop self centre, narrow viewpoints, and lose the total system perspective. This can be overcome by ¿Ã‚ ½.. Another disadvantage is problems are pushed around and also often slows decision making. This is because all the problems must be referred up the hierarchy for resolution. This can be avoid by appoint a manager for each of the department to make a decisions when the top managers are not around.

Identifying QUALCOMM Intellectual Property :: essays research papers

Report on Identifying and Protecting QUALCOMM Inc. Intellectual Property Introduction QUALCOMM Incorporated is a leader in developing and delivering innovative digital wireless communications products and services based on the Company's CDMA digital technology. Headquartered in San Diego, Calif., QUALCOMM has boasted more than 3,000 patent portfolios in wireless industry and has licensed its essential CDMA patent portfolio to more than 125 telecommunications equipment manufacturers worldwide. Under the protection of those IP, QUALCOMM continues to enable the enterprise, network operators and manufacturers, developers and wireless end-users by providing technology innovation and leadership in the telecommunications industry worldwide. This paper will give you a brief analysis on the key forms of QUALCOMM IP, the potential threats and also a general framework to effectively address the intellectual property issues and manage the legal IP risks. QUALCOMM originally made its name known through pioneering and commercializing its CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) digital wireless technology, is now one of the leading enablers of 3G wireless products and services. QUALCOMM spearheads the evolution and growth of 3G wireless by developing CDMA2000Â ® 1X, 1xEV-DO and WCDMA (UMTS) chipsets and end-to-end solutions for network operators and equipment manufactures, as well as other participants in the wireless value chain such as applications developers, publishers and content providers. CDMA works by converting speech into digital information, which is then transmitted as a radio signal over a wireless network. Using a unique code to distinguish each different call, CDMA provides excellent voice capacity and data capability by enabling many more people to share the airwaves at the same time---without static, cross-talk or interference. Because of its advantage, CDMA serves as the foundation for 3G services worldwide. QUALCOMM’s major products and services are generated by three categories of technologies. First is CDMA2000 1x & CDMA2000 1xEV-DO chipsets and solutions, which provide voice and data capabilities within a standard 1.25 MHz CDMA channel for outstanding spectral efficiency and flexibility. Developed as a direct evolution from the previous generation of proven CDMA systems, QUALCOMM’s CDMA2000 technologies provide the easiest, most cost-effective path to 3G services for CDMA operators. The second product the company supplies is Wideband CDMA (UMTS) chipsets and solutions, an approved 3G standard that uses 5 MHz channels for both voice and data. In the area of WCDMA (UMTS) development, QUALCOMM developed the world’s first commercially available, fully integrated WCDMA (UMTS) chipset solutions and now offers complete solutions to support high-speed WCDMA (UMTS) networks worldwide.

Challenge in Public High Schools :: Education Educational Curriculum Essays

Challenge in Public High Schools Current public high school curriculum are simply too easy. Students are able to take too many easy classes that do not challenge them. This is the first point that needs to be focused on when trying to fix this problem. Within this one cause, there are many different solutions. However, I do not have the time here to name them all. I am going to focus on one particular recommendation that I believe would help the most. What could possibly be wrong with current public high school curriculum. Students attend 4 years of high school and receive a well-rounded education. This education allows the students to function as a valuable member of society without necessarily continuing their education beyond high school. What could possibly be wrong with all this? Well, what about the students who do choose to continue their education after high school? Does high school prepare students well? According to the statistics, the answer is no. ACT, a non-profit organization that gathers statistics and researches the education field, states that "31% of students seeking a BA/BS degree at a public college drop out by the end of their second semester Currently, many public high schools allow students to select their own classes and in turn, some students enroll in classes far below their intellectual ability. Major problems are down the road should students decide to go on to post-secondary schools. Students should be assessed when entering the 9th grade. Standardized tests should be given to help determine what course of study would be best for a particular student to pursue during their four year high school career. There should be a minimum of three different "tracks" that students will be classified in. For example, a school could choose to have an advanced track, an intermediate track, and a remedial track. Some might say that this will limit the students too much in their choice of classes but this is not the case. It will simply give students a certain pool of classes to choose from. For instance, students in the advanced track of study will still have all the different choices they had before; they will just be geared towards more intelligent students. The same will apply for those in the remedial track of study, however the purpose of these classes will be to catch students up to where they should be.

Lunch Lady Blues Essay -- Nutrition

In recent years America’s health and economy have become a hot topic of debate in legislative offices. Recent legislation concerning the food served in schools nationwide has undergone changes that have cause widespread debate on the role of the federal government in students’ lives, the possible effects on the industry that supply food to schools and the effects on the schools and students themselves. In some cases the debated changes are welcomed with open arms and are merely formalities, in others the changes are reasons to lobby congress to convince them that pizza is counted as a vegetable because it has tomato paste. In the long run some of the changes will make a positive impact on the health of children, and businesses will find ways to adapt to the new regulations and succeed. As of 2008 an estimated 17% of children between the ages of 2-19, are considered obese. This statistic has tripled over a 30 year period beginning in the mid 1970s (CDC). The greatest concern for children in this category is the risk for coronary heart disease from the consumption of trans fats (CDC). The life long affects of obesity are one main reason the federal government has recently adopted changes to the National School Lunch Program nutritional requirements. Trans fats were created by scientist to replace the saturated fats found in some processed foods; they are commonly used to prolong the shelf life of foods (CDC). The fact is the consumption of artificial trans fats affects cholesterol levels negatively and increases the risk for heart disease (CDC). The National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program serve a combined 40 million or more meals per day to students nationwide (CDC). The risk of heart disease is not the only... .../FR-2012-01-26/pdf/2012-1010.pdf> Salk Institute. "How Obesity Increases The Risk For Diabetes." ScienceDaily, 21 Jun. 2009. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. â€Å"Schwan’s Food Service, Inc. Redefines School Pizza, Offering Healthier Choices for Children in More Than 72,000 U.S. Schools† Businesswire. businesswire.com. 7 Mar. 2011. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. Simon, G.E., et al. â€Å"Obesity, depression, and health services costs among middle-aged women.† nih.gov, 28 Jun. 2011. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. United States Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Notices†. usda.gov, 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 3 Apr. 2012.

Journey Assignment

|[pic] | | | | | | |Mater Dei Catholic College | | |ASSESSMENT TASK | | | | | |Preliminary English Standard | | |Area of Study Portfolio | |Date Issued: Wk 6 |Date Due: Friday 5. 4. 13 8:45am Wednesday Outside Staff Centre | | |Listening: Lesson 1 Friday 5. 4. 3 In-Class | |Assignment Weighting: 25% | |Components: 15% Listening and 10% Portfolio | |Outcomes Being Assessed: | | | |2. A student explains relationships among texts. | |3. A student develops language relevant to the study of English. | |4. A student explains and analyses the ways in which language forms and features, and structures of texts shape meaning and influence responses. | |7.A student adapts and synthesises a range of textual features to explore and communicate information, ideas and values for a variety of purposes, | |audiences and contexts. | |Context of the task: In the Area of Study, students explore and examine relationships between language and text, and interrelationships among texts. They | |exa mine closely the individual qualities of texts while considering the texts’ relationships to the wider context of the Area of Study: Journeys. | |Outline of Task: | | | |Part A:Portfolio | |In your area of study you have been focusing on the concept of Journeys. You are to collect, analyse and present TWO sources which relate to ideas of | |Journeys that have been explored in and are relevant to Raw or Away. Your chosen texts should be sourced from two different mediums. | | | |Presentation: | |Your analysis will be presented on the proforma provided to you by your English teacher and you are not to exceed the total space provided. | |You must use different examples from your set text in each analysis. | | | | | | |Part B: Listening Task | |You will listen to an aural text in class which will have an aspect of Journeys as its focus. You will be required to analyse the extract aurally and | |comment on how meaning is conveyed in this text type and its relationship to J ourneys. You will need to be familiar with a range of Journeys concept ideas | |and thesis statements. You will require your laptop and a set of ear buds/phones for the lesson.Obviously your laptop will be charged! | | | |Marking Criteria: | | | |Marks | |Criteria | | | |13-15 | |Skilfully identifies the concept of Journeys in the text. |Demonstrates detailed understanding of how selected text/set text explores the concept of Journeys | |Presents a perceptive analysis of the set and chosen text | |Uses language which is appropriate, sustained, sophisticated and suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | |10-12 | |Clearly identifies the concept of Journeys in the text. |Demonstrates effective understanding of how selected text/set text explores the concept of Journeys | |Effectively analyses the set and chosen text | |Uses language effectively which is appropriate and suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | |7-9 | |Identifies the concept of Journeys in the text. | |Demonstrates satisfactory understanding of how selected text/set text explores the concept of Journeys | |Attempts to explain ideas in the set and chosen text/describes the texts. |Uses language which is appropriate and suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | |4-6 | |Describes Journeys in the text. | |Demonstrates limited understanding of how selected text/ set text explores concepts of Journeys | |Attempts to describe the selected text and chosen text | |Uses simple language suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | |1-3 | |Demonstrates elementary understanding of Journeys in selected text/ set text |Recount of the texts/ brief response | |Uses simplistic language which is not always suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | | | |Areas of proficiency: | | | | | | | | | |Areas for development: | | | | | | | Journeys: Additional texts summary sheet Title: Refugee Blues Text Type: Poem Composer: WH Auden Published: 1939 Audience: English teacher Outline the text in terms of its broad relationship to the concept of Journeys. This poem explores the concept of journey through sadness and the hardships that are experienced of being a Jew in the wrong place at the wrong time.This couple has lost everything except each other so there is hope for them The couple are determined to find a sense of place and acceptance after locating to a new destination Identify two Journeys thesis statements which are relevant to both your set text and this chosen text. (Use point form) †¢ A journey can involve the search for identity †¢ Journey can often contain obstacles to be met and over come Explain (with reference to technique, relevant eg’s and effect) how each thesis statement is explored in Raw/Away. (2xWHEELS) WH Auden articulates how journeys can often contain obstacles to be met and overcome in his poem Refugee Blues. Auden conveys a disillusioned tone through his use of anaphora.During the time of the war, it is expressed that so me civilians were treated as outcasts. This is evident in the first paragraph where he writes ‘Say this city has ten million souls†¦yet there’s no place for us, my dear, yet there’s no place for us. ’ This is further reiterated in the repetition of the phrase ‘we cannot go there now, my dear, we cannot go there now’. The use of anaphora establishes for the reader the belief that the two refugees in this poem have to overcome the obstacle of exclusion as they are not accepted by anyone in the country. The use of repetition in the statement ‘yet there’s no place for us’ and ‘we cannot go there now’ evokes empathy in the audience more so that it would have been without repetition.The reader also feels sympathetic and concerned for the couple with the quote ‘my dear’ and we realize that the two have strong feelings for each other. This is a good thing because they are able to comfort each other. T hrough the use of anaphora Auden was able to highlight about how journeys can often contain obstacles to be met and overcome in his poem Refugee Blues. The concept of journey can involve a search for identity and this is explored in WH Auden’s poem Refugee Blues. Auden portrays logic of despondent tone through his use of structural devices and figurative language. This is seen in the sentence ‘.. some are living in mansions, some are living in holes:.. ’ and â€Å"if you’ve got no passport you’re officially dead†.The use of juxtaposition and metaphor creates the reader to feel empathy for the refugees and because the poem begins by introducing a city with 10 million people in it, some have the luxury of living in mansions; and this is contrasted with the rest who are living in most disgusting conditions ‘holes’. It’s suggesting that the couple are the lowest of low because there is not even a ‘hole’ for them a nd they are below the poverty line. WH Auden takes a single main theme and makes variations on it, leading to a particularly powerful finale. The theme of this poem is the abuse of human rights experienced not only by German Jews but by other Jews and by refugees anywhere.Through the use of structural devices and figurative language Auden was successfully able to portray the quest for identity in his poem Refugee Blues. Scott Monk represents the idea of journey involving a search for identity in his novel Raw. Monk highlights a sense of regretful tone through his use of characterisation of Brett Dalton. This is shown in the quotes â€Å"she’s got nothing to do with this! It’s my fault! I’m the one to blame! † and â€Å"He [Brett] felt like he had let him [Sam] down. No one had put up with more from him. He’d been patient so many times. Forgiven him. Let him back to The Farm when he’d run away. He’d always been there regardless of the trouble Brett had caused an all he’d got in return was grief. The use of characterisation establishes the way that Brett has accepted that he was responsible for everything that has happened between him and Caitlin and him and Sam. This shows a lot of maturity from Brett because he is the one taking the guilt. The second quote used demonstrates the influence Sam had over Brett. The fact that Brett feels guilty is significant and demonstrates what he has learnt and how he has been changed because of the institution. Through the use of characterisation Monk was successful on depicting the notion of journey involving a search for identity. Explain (with reference to technique, relevant eg’s and effect) how each thesis statement is explored in your chosen text. (2xWHEELS)

Epiphany

Who I Am As a child I grew up telling myself and everyone else that I never wanted to get married and have children. I watched my mother get married and divorced twice and seen what kind of pain that inflicted on her and us kids. I thought that I would be a better person if I stayed single and didn't have any kids to worry about. Of course I fell in love early in adulthood and decided to have children. A few years later my fear f becoming like my mother in the aspect of marriage, divorce and having kids came alive.I felt like such a fool for allowing that to happen to me. Usually by the time I get home from work and picking up the kids, It Is late and I do not feel like taking the time to actually cook a meal. One evening we got home earlier than we usually do so I decided to fix dinner, sit down and actually eat as a family. I can remember myself standing In front of the stove thinking of the frustrating long day of work I had, getting aggravated because the kids were running around the souse.The kids were playing and being loud which Is what a 4 year old boy and 4 year old girl would do. Then It suddenly becomes quiet and Patrick comes to me and says â€Å"Mommy, you know what? † I say with an annoyed tone of voice â€Å"What Patrick? † He says â€Å"your superman. † I picked him up and gave him a big hug. In that moment I realized that out of all that has happened to me In my life, I am truly grateful that I have my children and that I am actually a better person because God brought them Into my life.

My Hobbies

My Hobbies In my life I had a lot of things to do and enjoy. According to my life besides the ordinary tasks that anyone does, I have several pastimes. Among these one is swimming, watching movies with my parents and play baseball. Swimming i use it to keep my body in good condition and get muscular endurance. the hobby of watching movies with my parents is fun and we talked and shared the evening opining about the best movie we saw.Baseball is a pastime that was implemented since my fourth years old by my dad and i never stopped practicing. My favorite pastime is the baseball, because I can show my talent playing this sport. The baseball is a sport that depends about ability and mind control. Anyone can have the tools to be the best players of ever, but If the person doesn’t have mind or self-control any couldn’t try to play this sport. The baseball have a roll in my life and that role represent my respect on the field.The respect that I purpose being a great catcher; everybody knows when I’m in there I the back of the homeplate doing my work, the work than anyone can’t do better than me, protect and command my team. Im my life this activity is so important, because my position in the game describe my self equal than me in the outside. Each people determine his position by his ability, but the catcher position that if you want to play it, any might to be a lider just only to could try it.

College exam Essay

There has always been an arousing debate on whether all students are required to take college entrance exams in order to be accepted into a desired university. The standardized tests are currently used all over the United States in order to enroll or decline certain students based on a minimum score according to the college. The most common tests taken by high school students is the ACT and the SAT, both covering basic curriculum involving all major subjects studied throughout grade school, in order to test overall knowledge. Because of the benefits that oppose strictly relying on grade point averages as opposed to having the college entrance exams used in order to accept students, they are a good idea and should continue being used because they are much more routine and fair. Although the tests have proven successful, some might say that the tests don’t accurately score students ability to be successful in college universities. The people that refer to the exams as an insufficient way of accepting and declining hopeful students into college have many reasons to believe so. The first issue with these tests is that some people would argue that they don’t cover certain material that students may possibly excel in, or further a career in. Fields such as the arts, music, sciences, and other specialty subjects are all not included on these entrance exams. Not including these areas takes away from students being recognized for their true talents that could be of further use to the university, but the college registers could never get the chance to see those talents. Another reason why one would argue that the tests are a negative thing would be that not all the tests are equal in difficulty, being a reason why some students could score significantly better than another. Since the exams are not the same in content, it isn’t fair for one person to be accepted into a college, and another not be accepted. The final reason why people prefer for them to not be mandatory is because of the discrimination for people who score badly on the test, but have very good grades throughout high school. Some people aren’t good test takers, and their good GPA reflects their skills more accurately. These views against students being required to take college entrance exams all are very valid points, but the positives outweigh the negatives when it comes to this. There are many reasons why colleges currently require students to take college entrance exams. The positives definitely contribute to the success in this method of accepting students into college based on their scores. One reason why the tests are a good idea is because of how fair standard the process is when the determining who’s admitted into college. There isn’t an issue between accepting certain students because their scores on the ACT or SAT are self explanatory. Another reason the test scores are necessary is because grades cannot be a main decider. This is because a lot of students in high school are not honorable when it comes to work ethic and doing their own hard work, in other words cheating is an issue. If a college is looking to admit a student based on GPA this could be a mistake, the good grades won’t reflect work ethic and test taking skills that are essential to success in college. The final reason that ties to why the college exams are a good method is because these tests cover all important subjects that will be studied in college. The core subjects are really important to be tested over because it shows pure intelligence in a students learning throughout grade school. When choosing students to admit, they will obviously choose the person that scored the highest on an exam that covers basic studies. There are debating topics on whether college entrance exams are a good idea or not. When deciding students to admit into further schooling, there has to be a standard and fair way to determine. Exams like the ACT and SAT all cover core classes and knowledge that was studied all through grade school. This way, the deciding is based on the required minimum scores of students so the elimination process has moral reasoning and fairness. Although there are negative views on the limited material being tested, the fact that not all the tests are equal in difficulty and that people who do poorly on the test are automatically discriminated and declined. These may be real issues, but the reasons why it’s a good idea definitely shine through. The fairness and standardization makes it easy to analyze the students, grades are not a good reference for intelligence and potential success in college, and finally the tests show a prediction of how knowledgeable students are with core subjects and test taking skills that are used every day in college. Standardized college entrance exams should continue being used to decide whether or not one should be admitted into a certain college.

WAS THE UNITED STATES FOUNDED ON CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES Essay

WAS THE UNITED STATES FOUNDED ON CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES - Essay Example the Pope. To avoid this very friction, the US constitution framed by Jefferson clearly demarcates between the State and the Church and again reaffirms it in the Bill of Rights. This article tries to shed some light on the issue, from the perspective of certain recent articles and other historical facts, and tries to explore the principles behind the formation of US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The article will also take a stand and will try to prove that US Constitution was not formed on Christian principles, but were solely based on the principles of fraternity, equality and justice for all. It is interesting to note that the people with opposing views on the subject of separation of Church and State have cited Thomas Jefferson in their arguments. The main reason behind this is the fact that Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the US constitution formed in 1787. It is observed by the religious groups that Jefferson was an observant person and regularly attended church services during his tenure as the president. However, what many of the religious groups fail to say is that, he also, as Jewett aptly observes, â€Å"expressed contempt for any organized religion. And, saw as an anathema, any governmental control on religious thought† (Jewett, Jefferson and Religion). Jefferson was a follower of the Enlightenment theories of that age and thus believed in secularism, freedom and humanism. He was deeply influenced by the ethical theories of Stoicism and Epicures. Jesus, according to Jefferson, was a teacher in morality and his moral views were necessary to br ing freedom, happiness and to govern the society well. His god was a ‘god of reason’ who, he believed, established the laws on which nature functioned. Jefferson believed that one’s religious practice was of a personal nature which no state should try to control. This is evident in one of his letters which says â€Å"you must lay aside prejudices on both sides, and neither believe nor reject

Realationship at work 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Realationship at work 2 - Essay Example In the role play, I am the junior colleague who is talking with my Boss, who is also the EDM’s boss. My strategy had been to be assertive since I expected that my boss would be aggressive and would not understand what I had to say. I also wanted to be assertive so as to convince my boss to meet with the EDM. However, during the role play, she was quite accommodating. She let me explain everything that I needed to say and she asked the right questions. She was also confident and this helped me to remember all through the role play that I was addressing the boss. My boss was very considerate and she helped me get my point across every now and then (Scarnatti, 1998). Although she asked a lot of questions, she was not aggressive while asking them. This is the main reason that made me change my communication strategy to being less assertive. At the start of the role play, I was quite nervous since I did not know how my boss would react. This affected my confidence and my voice was low at the beginning. However, when I realized that the boss was not as aggressive as I had thought she would be, I grew more confident. I even managed to maintain good eye contact throughout the role play. Since my strategy was to use assertiveness from the beginning, I used my hands for emphasis (Armstrong, 1999). Sometimes the hands were open, sometimes closed. I felt under pressure, especially when my boss started asking me some questions and I had to give satisfactory answers. In my strategy, I had planned to control the conversation, but my boss is the one who controlled it instead. I did not ask my boss any questions, but she listened to what I had to say very actively. She even asked me for more information to solve the problem (Knapp and Vangelisti, 1992). Towards the end, I thought that my strategy was almost not working because for a few moments my boss sided with the EDM. At the end of the role play, I decided to use my strategy which involved convincing her of the

Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Marketing Strategy - Essay Example The customer has become very choosy and thus he relies more on the communication messages that are put up on the web and other media forms, rather than relying on the TV and newspaper advertising which are some aspects that are a thing of the past (Palser 2007). The customer becomes active nowadays when he realizes that the Internet is a potent force and anything that is put up on it will surely make a huge difference within his life. Also there have other forms of advertising which have literally changed the face of the conventional ways of reaching to the intended target audience. These include the transit advertising forms, the street and pole signs, the road branding techniques, the balloon advertising and so on and so forth (Ha 2003). What all these advertising methods have brought forward is the fact that the customer has become very educated and that he does not need to have a TV or a newspaper to access details about the brand or service which is being highlighted, from the domains of the client in essence. The customer now knows that if he has missed TV and newspaper advertising, he can most definitely go on the web and easily access the same. He can go outdoors and see the street signs and hoardings and thus be in line with whatever is being offered to him all this while. The death of TV and newspaper advertising has happened over a period of time, and not in an overnight fashion (Stoff 2008). This has meant that the TV and newspaper owners had started to understand that their respective mediums have lost the battle as compared to the newer media outlets and methodologies which were making serious mark on the consumers’ minds. What is even more interesting is the fact that the consumers have now realized that the power of the contemporary forms of advertising within their lives has become very significant and that they would rely on